What condition is characterized by swelling due to excess fluids trapped in body tissues?

Edema is the condition characterized by swelling resulting from an accumulation of excess fluids in the body's tissues. This can occur in various parts of the body, including the arms, legs, and abdomen, and is often a sign of underlying health issues. Edema may be caused by several factors, including heart failure, kidney disease, inflammation, and certain medications, which can all lead to an imbalance in the body's fluid regulation mechanisms.

While the other conditions listed may involve blood or tissue changes, they do not primarily pertain to fluid accumulation in tissues. Hemophilia is a genetic disorder that affects blood clotting, leading to excessive bleeding rather than fluid retention. Thrombosis refers to the formation of blood clots within blood vessels, which can impede blood flow but does not typically cause general swelling due to fluid accumulation. Fibrosis involves the thickening and scarring of connective tissue but again does not directly relate to the retention of excess fluids in the body tissues.